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The Last Crusade: The Epic Voyages of Vasco da Gama

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Sunday, July 8, 2012

The Last Crusade: The Epic Voyages of Vasco da Gama

Author: Visit Amazon's Nigel Cliff Page | Language: English | ISBN: 0061735132 | Format: PDF

The Last Crusade: The Epic Voyages of Vasco da Gama Description

Review

“Lively and ambitious . . . Cliff has a novelist’s gift for depicting character . . . he brings 16th century Portugal in all its splendor and squalor pungently to life.” (Eric Ormsby, New York Times Book Review)

“Epic . . . a compelling adventure tale, told by Cliff with the right mix of sweep and detail.” (BookPage)

“Readers who enjoy a yeasty narrative by a skilled storyteller will mark this book as one of their favorites of the year.” (Cleveland Plain Dealer)

“Nigel Cliff’s Holy War is one of the most readable, engaging, and provoking books of the season, hands down . . . Cliff . . . writes with considerable energy, humor and narrative skill.” (Kansas City Star)

“A fresh take on the history of the age of discovery . . . Cliff opens new vistas on much-explored territory.” (Publishers Weekly)

“A useful addition to a continuing lively discussion of Christianity and Islam, situated both in respect of religions and culture, as well as empires and trade.” (Kirkus)

“Cliff tells an often thrilling tale of adventure . . . He effectively restores the luster of da Gama’s achievement and provocatively reassesses the goals and significance of his expedition.” (Booklist)

“A story told with great flair and serious scholarship.” (James Eckardt, The Nation)

“A stirringly epic book…a thrilling narrative…This is broad-brush history, but it is accurate, and enlivened by splendid spots of color.” (Sunday Times (London))

From the Back Cover

In 1498 a young captain named Vasco da Gama sailed from Portugal, circumnavigated Africa, crossed the Indian Ocean, and discovered the sea route to the Indies and, with it, access to the fabled wealth of the East. It was the longest voyage ever undertaken at that time. With blood-red Crusader crosses emblazoned on their sails, the explorers arrived in the heart of the Muslim East in an era when the old hostilities between Christianity and Islam had risen to a new level of intensity. In two voyages that spanned six years, da Gama would fight a running sea battle that would ultimately change the fate of three continents.

The Last Crusade is an epic tale of spies, intrigue, and treachery—of bravado, brinkmanship, and confused, often comical collisions between cultures—offering a surprising new interpretation of the broad sweep of history.

See all Editorial Reviews
  • Product Details
  • Table of Contents
  • Reviews
  • Paperback: 560 pages
  • Publisher: Harper Perennial; Reprint edition (August 28, 2012)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0061735132
  • ISBN-13: 978-0061735134
  • Product Dimensions: 8.3 x 5.2 x 1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
This book is a biography of Vasco de Gama and when it comes to his particular explorations and actions is quite interesting and accurate. The book is well written and hard to put down once you have started it. However the author makes several assumptions that strengthen his argument but are inconsistent with the realities of what occurred.
1. He claims that there was little value in the trade with Africa. This is untrue the trade goods coming from Africa were quite valuable and led to great profits for the merchants in this trade. One of the reasons for attacking Ceuta was to take over these African trade routes, later the assault on Tangiers was done for the same reasons, after the Portuguese capture of Ceuta the African trade routes had moved their endpoint to Tangiers. When the Muslim traders simply shifted to another endpoint on the other side of North Africa (Tunis) the Portuguese responded by accelerating their exploration of Africa.
2. He claims that Vasco de Gama was the first to head straight into the Central Atlantic, out of sight of land, and then turn south-east and come back at the bottom of Africa. The Portuguese had been doing this for years before Vasco de Gama's first expedition. In fact because of the way the currents work in order to swing around the West African coast into the Gulf of Guinea with a caravel you must first go straight out to sea, out of sight of land, and swing south east into the Gulf of Guinea.
3. He claims that all Portuguese exploration was done at the behest of the crown. This is untrue.
Medieval Europe considered Lisbon in Portugal to be the end of the world. Vasco Da Gama's discovery in 1498 of a direct sea route from Portugal to South India and his epic voyages from Lisbon to Calicut in Kerala, India marked a turning point not only in global commerce but also signaled the start of European colonialism which would convulse the world for the next many centuries. These facts are well known. However Nigel Cliff in this book clearly explains how christian religious fundamentalism also played a major role in motivating this small country of around 1 million people to undertake this fantastic endeavor in the face of high odds, as the final crusade of their centuries old war against Islam. Now it is hard to imagine that it took the English and the Dutch another 200 years to overcome the lead the Portugal established in commerce with the East through this sea route.

Vasco Da Gama is a well known figure in Kerala as well as the rest of India. Growing up in Kerala, the impression I had of Gama was that of a brave but cruel explorer out for adventure, glory and financial gain. A few books and a couple of movies on him that are available in India do not portray anything different. The local christians in Kerala maintain that the Portuguese were 'surprised' to see Christians in India and since the Kerala Christians were following the Persian (Syrian) rituals, the Portuguese fought them and burnt their churches (this did happen, but that was over a 100 years later). But Nigel Cliff paints a much different story. One of the major hopes of the Western World was to find Christian strongholds in the East and use their help in continuing their fight against Islam.

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